Exploration of Lived Experiences of Selected Schools in Production Units in Kalomo District, Southern Province, Zambia



Abstract Views
500

Downloads
656

Citations

Share

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

Submitted Feb 16, 2022
Published Apr 9, 2022
10.24018/ejedu.2022.3.2.286

Abstract viewed = 500 times

Table of Contents

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

The study explored the lived experiences of selected schools in Production Units in Kalomo District, Southern Province, Zambia. The factors considered were the performance; management practices and the factors affecting management, performance and sustainability of production units in Kalomo District. Using the Hermeneutics Phenomenology research design, the study targeted Head teachers and those involved in PU management of which ten schools were purposively sampled. Data was collected by means of an online interview instrument and was coded to bring out the major themes for each research objective. The study found that the PUs were in place and performing at less than their capacity inhibited by lack of resources, animal diseases, poor marketing and competition from commercial agriculture. The school managers had the capacity to improve PU performance. PU was profitable enough to support PU and other school activities such as boarding school feeding and co-curricular activities. PU had management structures. Regarding management practices, it was found that school administrators were involved in planning, monitoring and supervision of production unit. Teachers were involved in the supervision of learners in PU; learners were also involved in PU as an extra-curricular activity; PU committees were involved in the management of PU and full-time/part-time workers were involved in production unit. There were other stakeholders involved in production unit. Recommendations were made to indicate how schools can improve PU with an appropriate model focused on schools mobilising resources, engaging community stakeholders; having PU as part of the mainstream school strategic plan and working with the Ministry of Education on PU. The study contributes towards the enhancement of PU at school and district levels.

 

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Income Generating Activities, Production Units, Secondary Zambia

References

  1. Akinyemi, O. M., von Fragstein, P. & Agnew, D. (2009). The Status and Barriers to the Implementation and Continuation of School Gardening Projects in the Federal Republic of Germany. A report presented on a preliminary survey on school gardening in Germany.
     Google Scholar
  2. http://pomaenvironment.org/Preliminary_study.pdf
     Google Scholar
  3. Amadi, UPN. (2011). Availability and Utilization of Instructional Resources in Teaching and Learning of Agriculture in Primary schools in Anambra State of Nigeria. Lead paper presented at Inaugural Workshop/Orientation for primary school teachers, Awka 12-16 July.
     Google Scholar
  4. Amuah KA (2009). Senior Secondary School Agriculture and Environmental Studies. London: Evans Brothers Limited. pp. 31-42.
     Google Scholar
  5. Ananda, A. F. & Mukhadis, A. (2016). Production unit as edupreneurship, cooperation business and industrial world with the school for the development of vocational student entrepreneurship mindset. AIP Conference Proceedings. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4965782
     Google Scholar
  6. Arif, F.A & Amat, M. (2016). Production Unit as Edupreneurship, Cooperation Business and Industrial World with the School for the Development of Vocational Student Entrepreneurship Mindset. AIP Conference Proceedings 1778, 030048; https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4965782
     Google Scholar
  7. Bailey (2019). Understanding Management from the School Perspective. National Education Bulletin. May.
     Google Scholar
  8. Besong, B., J. (2014). Principals’ Administrative Effectiveness and Staff Productivity in Selected Secondary School in SouthWest Region, Cameroon. International of Academic Research in management, (3), 155-166.
     Google Scholar
  9. Best, T. (2015). Business Decision Making. Journal of Managerial Economics, 11(1), 37-19.
     Google Scholar
  10. Bhasin, A. H. (2021). Organization Performance. Marketing.
     Google Scholar
  11. Chukwu, D. U., & Omeje, H. O. (2017). School Production Units: A Stride Towards Promoting. June.
     Google Scholar
  12. Chukwu, D. U., Omeje, H. O., Uddin, P. S. O., & Okepka, A. A. (2019). School Production Unit and Consultancy Services: Many-sided Beneficial Requirement Overly Neglected in TVET Institutions. International Journal of Vocational Education and Training Research. 5(2): 48-52
     Google Scholar
  13. Ciputra. (2012). Entrepreneurship: The Key To Forward. SWAOnline. 29. http://swa.co.id/entrepreneur/ciputra-kewirausahaan-kunci-untuk-menjadi-maju//
     Google Scholar
  14. Dos, Izzet & Sağir, Mahmut & Cetin, Remzi. (2015). Classifying Daily Problems of School Managers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 197. 2040-2045. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.568
     Google Scholar
  15. Etsey, Y. K. A. (2005). Assessing Performance in Schools: Issues and Practice. Ife Psychological Studies
     Google Scholar
  16. Fanzo, J., McLaren, R., & Swartz, H. (2017). Scaling Up Nutrition Interventions: Accelerating Nutrition Improvements in Sub-Saharan Africa Final Report, 2012-2016.
     Google Scholar
  17. FAO (2005). Setting up and running a school garden. A manual for teachers, parents and communities. FAO, Rome, 2005.
     Google Scholar
  18. FAO (2005). School health and nutrition in Zambia. Paper presentation by the Zambia delegation at the first Eastern and Southern African Milk Conference held from 27-30 September 2005 in Kampala, Uganda. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/est/COMM_MARKETS_MONITORING/Dairy/
     Google Scholar
  19. Galeh, N. I., Putra, P. & Moch, B. T. (2018). Development of Production Unit Model Based on Secondary High School School preneurship. SHS Web of Conferences 42, 00110.
     Google Scholar
  20. Hang’andu, M. (2016). Organisation of Production Unit in Zambian Schools: Lessons from Selected Boarding Schools of Southern Province. University of Lusaka.
     Google Scholar
  21. Hennessy, S., Haßler, B., & Mwewa, G. (2012). Using digital technology and school-based professional development to leverage interactive classroom teaching in Zambia. In J. MacBeath, M. Younger & C. Sugrue (Eds.), Millennium Goals Revisited: A Common Wealth of Learning. London: Routledge.
     Google Scholar
  22. Herry, S & Hendro M.S. (2016). Production Unit of Vocational High School: Learning Resource and Enterpreneurships Place. invotec XII:2 60-65. http://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/invotec
     Google Scholar
  23. Hoppers, Wim & Komba, D. (1996). Productive Work in Education and Training: a State of the-Art in Eastern Africa. The Hague, Centre for the Study of Education in Developing Countries. 240pp.
     Google Scholar
  24. Hoppers, W. H. M. L. (1989). The response from the Grassroots; Self-reliance in Zambian education. Education, 17–23.
     Google Scholar
  25. Ioan, Catalin & Ioan, Gina. (2012). On the General Theory of Production Functions. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Oeconomica. 8. 223-236.
     Google Scholar
  26. Jane J.M., Stephen, K.R. & Catherine, K. (2014). Challenges Facing School Board of Management in the Implementation of the Procurement Policy in Kenya. Global journal of interdisciplinary social sciences, 3(3), 104-112. ISSN: 2319-8834
     Google Scholar
  27. Kabugi SW (2013). Challenges to teaching and learning of agriculture in secondary schools in Kakuyuni Division, Kangundo district, Machakos County, Kenya [Unpublished M.Ed]. Kenyatta University, Kenya.
     Google Scholar
  28. Kaluba, M. (2020). Revamping of Production Units in Schools. Will the Benefits be Sustainable? The Bullettin.
     Google Scholar
  29. Konyango, J.J.J.O. (2010). An Analysis of the Implementation of Education Policies Influencing Secondary School Agriculture in Kenya and their Implications on Curriculum Improvement Between 1959 and 2004 [Unpublished PhD Dissertation]. Egerton University.
     Google Scholar
  30. Kidane T.T, Worth S.H. (2013). Attitude of students in the formal education sector towards agricultural education and training in South Africa. J. Human Ecol, 44, 53-63.
     Google Scholar
  31. Laurie, S. M., Faber, M., Maduna, M. M., African, S., Town, C., & Africa, S. (2017). Assessment of food gardens as nutrition tool in primary schools in South Africa Assessment of food gardens as nutrition tool in primary schools in South Africa. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 30(4), 80–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2017.1271609
     Google Scholar
  32. Levin, H. (1974). Measuring Efficiency in Educational Production. Public Finance Review, 2, 3-24. 10.1177/109114217400200101.
     Google Scholar
  33. Linah, M.G. (2014). School based factors influencing quality of education in public secondary schools in Kitui county, Kenya. A Research Project Submitted In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of Degree of Master of Education in Economics of Education, University of Nairobi.
     Google Scholar
  34. Lindenberger, D. (2003). Service Production Functions. Journal of Economics, 80, 127-142. 10.1007/s00712-003-0015-0.
     Google Scholar
  35. Lubasi, I. & Mutale Mulenga, I. (2019). Teachers present in school but absent in class: utilization and 'silent erosion' of learning time in the implementation of the curriculum in Mongu district of Zambia, 6, 61-79. 10.5281/zenodo.2678061.
     Google Scholar
  36. Lusaka Times (2011). Mumba Calls Resumption of P.U in schools. https://www.lusakatimes.com/2011/06/21/mumba-calls-resumption-pu-schools/. Accessed 7th July 2020.
     Google Scholar
  37. Manchishi, P.C., Simui, F., Ndhlovu, D., & Thompson, C.L. (2020). Tracing the Experiences of an Inaugural Postgraduate Distance Education Alumni cohort of the University of Zambia. Multidisciplinary Journal of Language and Social Sciences Education. 3(1), 131-157.
     Google Scholar
  38. Maria D. (2006). Productivity Improvements in Education: A Replay. European Research Studies, IX(3-4).
     Google Scholar
  39. Martoki, S. (2012). The Contribution of Vocational Education and Training Preservation and Diffusion of Cultural Herigate In Greece. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 2(24), 52.
     Google Scholar
  40. Marniati, M., Kharnolis, M & Irianti, A.H.S. (2018). The Implementation Of Entrepreneurship Education And Production Unit In Vocational High Schools. 10.2991/iconhomecs-17(13).
     Google Scholar
  41. Michael, J., Rotich, S., Kiprop, C. (2014). Challenges facing school board of management in the implementation of the procurement policy in Kenya, 3, 104-112.
     Google Scholar
  42. Mkandawire, S. B. (2010). Impediments to Curriculum Implementation in learning institutions. Circulatory article for information resource.
     Google Scholar
  43. Ministry of Education (2015). Census Analytical Report: Central Statistical Office. Lusaka: Ministry of Education
     Google Scholar
  44. Ministry of Education (2010). The Republic of Zambia support to the education sector in zambia phase 3 volume I. I(104).
     Google Scholar
  45. Muchena, P.K. (2013). Factors influencing students’ enrolment in agriculture subject in public secondary schools in Kiambu east district, Kiambu County, Kenya [Unpublished M. Ed]. University of Nairobi, Kenya.
     Google Scholar
  46. Mubanga, K., Bwalya, U.B., Muchabi, J. & Mubanga, C. (2015). What drives smallholder farmers’ crop production choices in Central Zambia? Lessons from the 2012/2013 agricultural season. Journal of Agricultural Studies, 3. 10.5296/jas.v3i2.7125.
     Google Scholar
  47. Mulenga, I. M. (2006). An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Academic Production Unit in the Provision of Quality Education in Selected Secondary Schools in Ndola District, Zambia. Nairobi [MEd Dissertation]. The Catholic University of Eastern Africa.
     Google Scholar
  48. Mulenga, I. M. (2019). Teachers present in school but absent in class: Utilization and ‘silent erosion’ of learning time in the implementation of the curriculum in Mongu district of Zambia. European Journal of Education Studies, 6(2), www.oapub.org/edu
     Google Scholar
  49. Muleya, G., Simui, F., Mundende, K., Kakana, F., Mwewa, G., & Namangala, B. (2019). Exploring Learning Cultures of Digital Immigrants in Technologically mediated Postgraduate distance learning mode at the University of Zambia. Zambia Information Communication Technology (ICT) Journal, 3(2), 1-10.
     Google Scholar
  50. Mulunga, S. (2012). Resource Mobilization and Fundraising in Basic Schools: A case study of Copperbelt and North-Western Province. Zambia Institute for Policy Analysis and Research. http://www.zipar.org.zm.
     Google Scholar
  51. Mundende, K., Simui, F., Chishiba, A., Mwewa, G. & Namangala, B. (2016). Trends and prospects of instructional material development and delivery at the University of Zambia. Global Journal of Human-Social Science: Linguistics & Education, 16(3), 5 11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2003.00380.x
     Google Scholar
  52. Murthy, N. (2015). Factors Affecting Organizational Performance. Business Knowledge Book.
     Google Scholar
  53. Mwamba, A.M. (2017). Headteachers’ Effectiveness in managing Finances for the Implementation of Free Primary Education in Kabwe District, Zambia. The International Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Research
     Google Scholar
  54. Mwiinga, B. O. (2016). The effects of head teachers' leadership styles on teachers' performance [Unpublished Dissertation]. University of Zambia.
     Google Scholar
  55. National Academy of Sciences (2021) Promoting Higher Achievement in a Cost-Effective Manner. National Academy of Sciences.
     Google Scholar
  56. Odhiambo, R. A., & Simatwa, Enose M.W. (2012). Management of free primary education funds by headteachers in Kenya: A case study of public primary schools in Rachuonyo District, Kenya. International Research Journal, 3(1), 007- 016.
     Google Scholar
  57. Ogumbe, B. E. (2015). Assessment of mechanical engineering craft practice production units in technical colleges in the south – south zone of Nigeria [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
     Google Scholar
  58. Ozer, E. (2008). The Effects of School Gardens on Students and Schools: Conceptualization and Considerations for Maximizing Healthy Development. Health education & behavior, 34. 846-63. 10.1177/1090198106289002.
     Google Scholar
  59. Paul P. W. Achola, & Kaluba, H. (1989). School Production Units in Zambia: An Evaluation of a Decade of a Presidential Experiment. Comparative Education, 25(2), 165-178. www.jstor.org/stable/3099381
     Google Scholar
  60. Pratama, P., Nur, G., & Bruri, T. M. (2018). Development Of Production Unit Model Based On Secondary High. 00110, 1–6.
     Google Scholar
  61. Rojas, A., Valley, W., Mansfield, B., Orrego, E., Chapman, G. E., Harlap, Y., Systems, F., Barber, I. K., & Centre, L. (2011). Mapping Behaviour Change Initiatives: Identifying and Assessing UBC’s On-Campus Student-Run Behaviour Change Programs. www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability 763–788. https://doi.org/10.3390/su3050763
     Google Scholar
  62. Seraphine, S., Konyango, J.J.J.O., Joash, K. (2018). Influence of instructional resources in learning agriculture in secondary school on employment creation in Vihiga County, Kenya. International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 10, 1-9. 10.5897/IJEAPS2017.0535.
     Google Scholar
  63. Shekhat, V.M. (2015). Theory of production. Engineering economics and management. Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology. file:///C:/Users/Acer%20V5/Downloads/Theory%20of%20production_05012015_060332AM.pdf
     Google Scholar
  64. Sherman, Jane & Muehlhoff, Ellen (2007). Developing a Nutrition and Health Education Program for Primary Schools in Zambia. Journal of nutrition education and behavior, 39, 335-42. 10.1016/j.jneb.2007.07.011.
     Google Scholar
  65. Simons, D. D. (2020). Sustainable Business Practices: Not Just about the Environment. The Economic Revolution, 33(14).
     Google Scholar
  66. Simui, F., Sophie Kasonde‑Ngandu. S, Cheyeka M.A & Mpine Makoe (2019). Lived Disablers to Academic Success of the Visually Impaired at the University of Zambia, Sub‑Saharan Africa. Journal of Student Affairs in Africa, 7(2), 41‑56. DOI: 10.24085/jsaa.v7i2.3824 41
     Google Scholar
  67. Simwatachela-Simui, R., Simui, F., Kakana, F., Manchishi, P.C.
     Google Scholar
  68. (2020). Deconstructing quality education in public secondary
     Google Scholar
  69. schools through the lenses of teachers in Lusaka district, Zambia.
     Google Scholar
  70. International Journal of Academic Research and Development, 5
     Google Scholar
  71. (3), 103-112.
     Google Scholar
  72. Sinclair, S. (2012). Sustainable Business Practices to Revive Ailing Firms. Business Review; April 22, 2012.
     Google Scholar
  73. Singh, M. (1998). School Enterprises: Combining Vocational Learning with Production. Berlin: UNESCO
     Google Scholar
  74. Ssekamwa, J.C. (2009). History and development of Education in Uganda. Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Publishers.
     Google Scholar
  75. Tawardjono U. (2012). Model Production Unit of vocational schools in the province, dissertation, (PPs UMY, Yogyakarta).
     Google Scholar
  76. USAID (2003). Analysis of Food Security, Health and Nutrition in Zambia. February. USAID.
     Google Scholar
  77. WASHplus (2015). Final Report of the SPLASH Project in Zambia. Washington D.C., USA. USAID/WASHplus Project.
     Google Scholar
  78. Webb, S., Diaz, J., Campbell, C., & Donnell, O. (2018). Understanding the Barriers for School Garden Success: Expert Consensus to Guide Extension Programming, (1), 2–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500790508668328
     Google Scholar
  79. William, P & Agness C. (2017). A critical evaluation of the school feeding programme in rural schools: a case of st pauls secondary school kapiri mposh, Zambia. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 4(7), 119-123.
     Google Scholar
  80. Zamzam, Z. F. (2012). Effect of Production Unit, Prakerin and Support Against Family Readiness Vocational students work. Journal of Vocational Education, 2(3), 397-409.
     Google Scholar
  81. ZNBC (2019). Schools told to start production units. Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation. Lusaka: Ministry of Information. https://www.znbc.co.zm/news/schools-told-to-start-production-units/. Accessed 30th June 2020.
     Google Scholar